"Traditionally, extraction of these compounds is performed using aqueous solutions, yielding relatively low levels of kavalactones (∼4.6%,
Table 1)."
"Modern extraction techniques using organic solvents (
e.g., acetone, ethanol) yield significantly higher levels of kavalactones (∼45–55%,
Table 1),"
"and dramatically higher levels of lipophilic chalcones in the extract (∼160-fold for FKB,
Table 1)"
Total kavalactones by tenfold, and FKB by about one hundred sixty fold. I guess it "might" increase it.
Oh, and don't forget this gem:
In agreement with this in vivo observation, our data (Fig. 1A) showed that indeed kavalactones had no significant effects on the viability of selected liver cell lines. On the other hand, we show here that chalcones, compounds that are dramatically enriched in organic solvent-based extractions (Table 1), were accountable for the observed hepatotoxicity (Fig. 1).
This graph shows how prevalent FKB and FKC are in aqueous extracts (unfortunately measured in mg/g, not sure how this translates to μM)
- http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2992378/table/T1/
"Again, FKB and FKC induced cell death in L-02 cells, with LD50 values of 32 and 70 μM, respectively (data not shown)"
Can anyone provide me an answer of the average μM of FKB in an aqueous solution of tudei? If aqueous solutions do not contain anywhere near the μM of an LD-50 than why the fear mongering? If they do, then hey, I would agree!! Just show me the money baby and I'm on board. Clearly this study was to show ethanol based extracts (tinctures) increase FKB concentration, in which FKB causes cell death.
Was anyone aware that nicotine has an LD-50 that is higher than even arsenic or cocaine? That doesn't stop people from consuming nicotine, does it? No, because the
dosage is at a small enough level not to warrant a concern.
also @
infraredz @
yepimonfire why didn't either of you answer the question about Ed Johnson's statement?
