Came across this article and thought it might be of interest for anyone interested in trying to work out how long after a meal it's kava time or the mechanism by which kava is absorbed. There's no mention of kava in the article but the relevance is fairly apparent.
Fate of ingested fluids: factors affecting gastric emptying and intestinal absorption of beverages in humans
Abstract. The volume of fluid ingested for rehydration is essential in determining the restoration of euhydration because it must be in excess of the water
academic.oup.com
That is an excellent one. Thank you!
Here is a list of the gastric studies I've collected in my search to understand how kava goes from mouth to bloodstream and what factors may influence that.
Achour, L., and A. Briend. 2001. “Original Communication Comparison of Gastric Emptying of a Solid and a Liquid Nutritional Rehabilitation Food.”
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 55: 769–72.
Bakde, Bharati V., Madhuri Channawar, Anil V. Chandewar, and B. Mishra. 2012. “GASTRIC RETENTIVE CONTROLLED DRUG DELIVERY: AN OVERVIEW.”
International Journal Of Pharmaceutical And Chemical Sciences.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264905633.
Boyd, K. A., D. G. O’Donovan, S. Doran, J. Wishart, I. M. Chapman, M. Horowitz, and C. Feinle. 2003. “High-Fat Diet Effects on Gut Motility, Hormone, and Appetite Responses to Duodenal Lipid in Healthy Men.”
American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 284 (2): G188–96.
https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00375.2002.
Carabotti, Marilia, Annunziata Scirocco, Maria Antonietta Maselli, and Carola Severi. 2015. “The Gut-Brain Axis: Interactions between Enteric Microbiota, Central and Enteric Nervous Systems.”
Annales de Gastroenterologie et D’hepatologie 28 (2): 203–9.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25830558.
Cheymol, G., J. M. Poirier, P. A. Carrupt, B. Testa, J. Weissenburger, J. C. Levron, and E. Snoeck. 1997. “Pharmacokinetics of Beta-Adrenoceptor Blockers in Obese and Normal Volunteers.”
British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 43 (6): 563–70.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2125.1997.00609.x.
Crone, Catherine C., and Geoffrey M. Gabriel. 2004. “Treatment of Anxiety and Depression in Transplant Patients.”
Clinical Pharmacokinetics 43 (6): 361–94.
https://doi.org/10.2165/00003088-200443060-00002.
Dooley, C. P., J. B. Reznick, and J. E. Valenzuela. 1984. “Variations in Gastric and Duodenal Motility during Gastric Emptying of Liquid Meals in Humans.”
Gastroenterology 87 (5): 1114–19.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-5085(84)80071-2.
Feinle-Bisset, Christine, and Fernando Azpiroz. 2013. “Dietary Lipids and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders.”
The American Journal of Gastroenterology 108 (5): 737–47.
https://doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2013.76.
Hellmig, Stephan, Florian Von Schöning, Christof Gadow, Stavros Katsoulis, Jürgen Hedderich, Ulrich Robert Fölsch, and Eckhard Stüber. 2006. “Gastric Emptying Time of Fluids and Solids in Healthy Subjects Determined by 13C Breath Tests: Influence of Age, Sex and Body Mass Index.”
Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 21 (12): 1832–38.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1746.2006.04449.x.
Hu, Qichao, Zhibei Li, Yubing Li, Xinyu Deng, Yuan Chen, Xiao Ma, Jinhao Zeng, and Yanling Zhao. 2023. “Natural Products Targeting Signaling Pathways Associated with Regulated Cell Death in Gastric Cancer: Recent Advances and Perspectives.”
Phytotherapy Research: PTR, May.
https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.7866.
Ismail, Mohammad Yaheya Mohammad, and M. Yaheya. 2009. “Drug-Food Interactions and Role of Pharmacist.”
Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2 (4): 1–10.
https://www.academia.edu/download/56165234/food_and_drug_interaction.pdf.
Jacoby, Henry I. 2017. “Gastric Emptying.” In
Reference Module in Biomedical Sciences. Elsevier.
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-801238-3.64921-8.
Janssen, P., P. Vanden Berghe, S. Verschueren, A. Lehmann, I. Depoortere, and J. Tack. 2011. “Review Article: The Role of Gastric Motility in the Control of Food Intake.”
Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 33 (8): 880–94.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2011.04609.x.
Lorena, Sônia Letícia Silva, Eduardo Tinois, Sérgio Quirino Brunetto, Edwaldo Eduardo Camargo, and Maria Aparecida Mesquita. 2004. “Gastric Emptying and Intragastric Distribution of a Solid Meal in Functional Dyspepsia: Influence of Gender and Anxiety.”
Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology 38 (3): 230–36.
https://doi.org/10.1097/00004836-200403000-00007.
Lydon, A., J. McGinley, T. Cooke, P. F. Duggan, and G. D. Shorten. 1998. “Effect of Anxiety on the Rate of Gastric Emptying of Liquids.”
British Journal of Anaesthesia 81 (4): 522–25.
https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/81.4.522.
Million, M., and M. Larauche. 2016. “Stress, Sex, and the Enteric Nervous System.”
Neurogastroenterology and Motility: The Official Journal of the European Gastrointestinal Motility Society 28 (9): 1283–89.
https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.12937.
Mushref, Mazen Al, and Shanthi Srinivasan. 2013. “Effect of High Fat-Diet and Obesity on Gastrointestinal Motility.”
Annals of Translational Medicine 1 (2): 14.
https://doi.org/10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2012.11.01.
Oberle, R. L., T. S. Chen, C. Lloyd, J. L. Barnett, C. Owyang, J. Meyer, and G. L. Amidon. 1990. “The Influence of the Interdigestive Migrating Myoelectric Complex on the Gastric Emptying of Liquids.”
Gastroenterology 99 (5): 1275–82.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-5085(90)91150-5.
Poitras, Pierre. 2013. “Motilin.”
Handbook of Biologically Active Peptides, 1077–84.
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-369442-3.50151-3.
Raskin, H. F. 1971. “Barium-Burger Roentgen Study for Unrecognized, Clinically Significant, Gastric Retention.”
Southern Medical Journal 64 (10): 1227–35.
https://doi.org/10.1097/00007611-197110000-00014.
Sachdeva, Priyanka, Nidhi Malhotra, Murali Pathikonda, Umar Khayyam, Robert S. Fisher, Alan H. Maurer, and Henry P. Parkman. 2011. “Gastric Emptying of Solids and Liquids for Evaluation for Gastroparesis.”
Digestive Diseases and Sciences 56 (4): 1138–46.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-011-1635-9.
Sarna, S. K., and M. F. Otterson. 1988. “Gastrointestinal Motility: Some Basic Concepts.”
Pharmacology 36 Suppl 1: 7–14.
https://doi.org/10.1159/000138415.
Siegel, J. A., J. L. Urbain, L. P. Adler, N. D. Charkes, A. H. Maurer, B. Krevsky, L. C. Knight, R. S. Fisher, and L. S. Malmud. 1988. “Biphasic Nature of Gastric Emptying.”
Gut 29 (1): 85–89.
https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.29.1.85.
Simpson, K. H., and A. F. Stakes. 1987. “Effect of Anxiety on Gastric Emptying in Preoperative Patients.”
British Journal of Anaesthesia 59 (5): 540–44.
https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/59.5.540.
Takahashi, Toku. 2012. “Mechanism of Interdigestive Migrating Motor Complex.”
Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility 18 (3): 246–57.
https://doi.org/10.5056/jnm.2012.18.3.246.
